Diksha

Diksa (Sanskrit: दीक्षा in Devanagari, dīkṣā) also spelled deeksha or deeksa in common usage, translated as a "preparation or consecration for a religious ceremony"[1], is giving of a mantra or an initiation by the guru in Indian religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Diksa is given in a one-to-one ceremony, and typically includes the taking on of a serious spiritual discipline.[2] The word is derived from the Sanskrit root dā ("to give") plus kṣi ("to destroy") or alternately from the verb root dīkṣ ("to consecrate").[3].When the mind of the guru and the disciple become one, then we say that the disciple has been initiated by the guru.[4] Diksa can be of various types, through the teacher's sight, touch, or word, with the purpose of purifying the disciple or student. Initiation by touch is called sparśa dīkṣā. The bestowing of divine grace through diksa is called śaktipāt.[3]

Vishnu Yamala (tantra) says: "The process that bestows divyam jnanam (transcendental, spiritual knowledge) and destroys sin (pāpa), the seed of sin and ignorance, is called diksha by the spiritual persons who have seen the Truth (desikais tattva-kovidaih)."[5]

Different traditions and sects treat diksa in various ways. Tantra mentions five types of initiation or diksa: initiation by a ritual or samaya-diksa; sparsa-diksa is an initiation by touch and is done without a ritual; vag-diksa is done by word or mantra; sambhavi-diksa is arising from perception of external appearance of the guru; mano-diksa is when initiation is performed in the mind.[6] For ISKCON members first diksa, or harinama-diksa initiation, is performed as part of a fire sacrifice where grains, fruit, and ghee are placed on an open fire of the sacrifice.[7] In the tradition of Lahiri Mahasaya, initiation into Kriya Yoga is given as diksa.[8] The Bengali saint Anandamayi Ma often gave sparśa dīkṣā (divine touch) or drik diksa (through her look), in which she would bestow śaktipāt (divine grace).[9]

Another type of diksa, into a monastic order, involves a vow of celibacy, renunciation of all personal possessions and of all worldly duties, including family ties. Diksha has the same meaning in Jainism. Diksha is also called Charitra or Mahanibhiskraman in Jainism.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary". University of Cologne. pp. d. http://students.washington.edu/prem/mw/d.html. Retrieved 2009-04-19. 
  2. ^ Coward, Harold G.; David J. Goa (2004). Mantra: hearing the divine in India and America. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231129602. http://books.google.com/books?id=3s1-8SFrrDMC&pg=PA56. 
  3. ^ a b Grimes, John A. (1996). [ttp://books.google.com/books?id=qcoUFYOX0bEC&pg=PA117 A concise dictionary of Indian philosophy]. SUNY Press. pp. 117. ISBN 9780791430675. ttp://books.google.com/books?id=qcoUFYOX0bEC&pg=PA117. 
  4. ^ http://www.gurumaa.com/content/deeksha-master-disciple-mind-connection.html
  5. ^ Pandey, Vraj Kumar (2007). Encyclopaedia of Indian philosophy. Anmol Publications. ISBN 9788126131129. 
  6. ^ The madness of the saints by June McDaniel, University of Chicago Press, (1989) p. 106 ISBN 0-226-55723-5
  7. ^ Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America [Five Volumes]Eugene V. Gallagher, W. Michael Ashcraft (2006) Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 23 ISBN 0-275-98713-2
  8. ^ Yogananda, Paramhansa (2003). Autobiography of a Yogi. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 102. ISBN 9788120725249. http://books.google.com/books?id=iN6fdZR6rXkC&pg=PA102. 
  9. ^ Hallstrom, Lisa Lassell (1999). Mother of Bliss: Ānandamayī Mā (1896-1982). Oxford University Press US. pp. 140–144. ISBN 9780195116472. http://books.google.com/books?id=a9WnAXqkzkAC&pg=PA140.